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What is FrontierMath?
Last reviewed July 16, 2026
FrontierMath is a benchmark of research-level mathematics problems written and verified by expert mathematicians, spanning fields from number theory to algebraic geometry. Problems are original and unpublished, held as a closed set so they cannot leak into training data, with definite, machine-checkable answers. It sits at the top of the math benchmark ladder: individual problems can take specialists hours or days, and model scores are low.
Why a closed set
Public benchmarks eventually contaminate training corpora and overstate ability. Keeping problems private, with answers checkable automatically, preserves the test's meaning over time, at the price that outsiders cannot inspect every item. Expert review and difficulty stratification stand in for public scrutiny.
Reading FrontierMath results
Scores are the fraction solved of genuinely research-grade problems, so single-digit and low-double-digit results are meaningful signals, and improvements of a few points represent real capability change. It is the math analogue of HLE: a deliberately unsaturated ceiling that keeps discriminating as models improve.
Top models on FrontierMath
Full leaderboardPeak scores from the compiled benchmark data; reasoning models use their highest effort tier.
idapt's math rankings include a FrontierMath lane, and model pages list it beside AIME and MATH-500 so the whole difficulty ladder reads together, with the model's price alongside.
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